Rosatom’s Role in Russia’s Nuclear Arsenal and Energy Exports

The state corporation encompasses nearly all of Russia's civil and military nuclear industry. Under Sergei Kiriyenko, Rosatom has become a more competitive exporter of both nuclear fuel and reactors.

A piece of highly-enriched uranium. Source.

Rosatom is the state-owned corporation responsible for Russian civil nuclear power, exports to other countries, naval nuclear propulsion for military vessels and commercial icebreakers, and the development of warheads for the Russian nuclear forces. It consists of over 350 individual enterprises, employs nearly 300,000 people, and runs the entire supply chain for Russia’s nuclear industry.¹ The corporation has seen tremendous revenue growth in recent years, for example more than tripling annual revenue from $5 billion to $17 billion from 2014 to 2022. Of this, $7.5 billion was related to export orders.² In 2021, its ten-year portfolio for foreign orders was valued at $140 billion, while it claimed its total portfolio was $250 billion.³